On January 16-17, an unprecedented high level of GPS jamming was recorded in northern and central Poland. Earlier similar jamming was recorded in late December on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. Polish media believed that the December GPS outages could have been caused either by NATO exercises or tests of Russian REB equipment in the Kaliningrad region.
On January 12, GPS blackouts were recorded in Sweden, matching an exercise by the Russian Baltic Fleet.
ISW analysts found references in the Kaliningrad media to tests of the Borisoglebsk-2 electronic warfare system in December, allegedly to protect the region from attacks by Ukrainian drones.
